Heart failure with systolic dysfunction, also known as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), is a condition where the heart’s left ventricle loses its ability to contract effectively. This results in less blood being pumped out to the body with each heartbeat, which can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and reduced exercise tolerance. Understanding this condition is essential for patients and caregivers, as early recognition and treatment can improve quality of life and long-term outcomes.
1. What Is Heart Failure With Systolic Dysfunction?
In systolic dysfunction, the heart’s pumping ability is impaired, usually defined as an ejection fraction (EF) below 40%. The ejection fraction measures the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction. When EF is reduced, organs and tissues may not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Systolic dysfunction can develop due to prior heart attacks, long-standing high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, or valvular heart disease.
2. Causes of Systolic Dysfunction
Systolic dysfunction happens when the heart muscle becomes weak and cannot pump blood efficiently. There are several reasons this may occur. Coronary artery disease or previous heart attacks can damage the heart muscle, making it less effective. Long-term high blood pressure forces the heart to work harder, which can weaken it over time. Some people develop cardiomyopathy, which is a condition where the heart muscle is naturally weak due to genetics or other causes. Problems with the heart valves can also affect blood flow and strain the heart. Additionally, irregular heartbeats, known as arrhythmias, can reduce how well the heart pumps. Identifying the exact cause is important because it helps doctors choose the right treatment.
3. Symptoms of Heart Failure With Systolic Dysfunction
The symptoms of systolic dysfunction may appear slowly and can range from mild to severe. Many patients feel short of breath during physical activity or even while lying down. Fatigue and reduced ability to exercise are common. Swelling may occur in the legs, ankles, or abdomen due to fluid buildup. Some people notice a fast or irregular heartbeat, and persistent coughing or wheezing can happen if fluid collects in the lungs. Symptoms can suddenly get worse during illness, stress, or physical activity, which is why regular monitoring and prompt medical care are essential.
4. Diagnosing Systolic Dysfunction
Doctors use several tests to diagnose systolic dysfunction. An echocardiogram checks the heart’s pumping ability and structure. An electrocardiogram (ECG) can detect irregular heartbeats or past heart attacks. Blood tests, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), help measure stress on the heart. A chest X-ray can show fluid in the lungs or an enlarged heart. Early diagnosis is important because it allows doctors to create a treatment plan that can improve symptoms and quality of life.
5. Treatment Options
Treatment for systolic dysfunction focuses on helping the heart work better, controlling symptoms, and preventing complications. Medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and SGLT2 inhibitors are commonly used to improve heart function and reduce fluid buildup. Lifestyle changes, such as eating a low-sodium diet, staying active, managing weight, and avoiding smoking or alcohol, also help. Some patients may benefit from devices like pacemakers, defibrillators, or cardiac resynchronization therapy. In certain cases, surgery such as valve repair or bypass may be needed. Doctors usually combine several treatments to get the best results for each patient.
6. Prognosis and Life Expectancy
The prognosis of heart failure with systolic dysfunction varies depending on age, severity, comorbidities, and adherence to treatment. With modern therapies, many patients live several years with controlled symptoms. Early diagnosis, consistent medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications improve survival rates and reduce hospitalizations. Patients should maintain regular follow-ups with a cardiologist to monitor heart function and adjust therapy as needed.
7. Lifestyle Measures to Support Heart Health
Alongside medical treatment, patients can take practical steps to improve heart function and prevent worsening systolic dysfunction. These include:
- Staying physically active within physician-approved limits
- Monitoring weight daily to detect fluid retention early
- Reducing salt intake and maintaining a heart-healthy diet
- Managing stress and ensuring adequate sleep
- Avoiding alcohol, smoking, or recreational drugs
Lifestyle changes complement medical therapy and can significantly improve quality of life.
8. When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek prompt evaluation if you notice:
- Worsening shortness of breath at rest
- Rapid weight gain or sudden swelling in the legs or abdomen
- Severe fatigue or fainting
- Chest pain, palpitations, or rapid irregular heartbeat
Immediate care can prevent complications such as pulmonary edema, arrhythmias, or hospitalization.
9. Final Thoughts
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with heart failure or experience symptoms of systolic dysfunction, scheduling an evaluation with Cypress Cardiovascular Institute can make a difference. Our cardiologists specialize in advanced heart failure management, including diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and ongoing monitoring to optimize heart function and quality of life.
Schedule a consultation today to discuss your heart health and explore treatment options.
Disclaimer: This blog is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider for diagnosis, treatment, or management of heart conditions.